{"id":687,"date":"2008-10-08T11:03:07","date_gmt":"2008-10-08T09:03:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/francelyme.fr\/WordPress3\/?p=687"},"modified":"2008-10-08T11:03:07","modified_gmt":"2008-10-08T09:03:07","slug":"liberation-la-faune-sauvage-malade-du-rechauffement-climatique-octobre-2008","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/francelyme.fr\/site\/liberation-la-faune-sauvage-malade-du-rechauffement-climatique-octobre-2008\/","title":{"rendered":"Lib\u00e9ration : \u00ab\u00a0La faune sauvage malade du r\u00e9chauffement climatique\u00a0\u00bb, octobre 2008"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\t\t\t\tTERRE
\nPubli\u00e9 le 07\/10\/2008 \u00e0 17:27,\u00a0Lib\u00e9ration<\/a><\/p>\n

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D\u00e9j\u00e0 menac\u00e9es par la disparition de leurs habitats naturels, de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces animales doivent \u00e9galement faire face \u00e0 l’\u00e9mergence de maladies li\u00e9es au changement climatique et dont les cons\u00e9quences pour l’homme pourraient \u00eatre dramatiques.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La plus grande menace du changement climatique est peut-\u00eatre la propagation de maladies \u00e9mergentes\u00a0\u00bb, a estim\u00e9 Steven Sanderson, pr\u00e9sident de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pour la conservation de la faune sauvage (Wildlife conservation society<\/a>) aujourd’hui \u00e0 Barcelone.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Toute perturbation dans l’environnement a des effets imm\u00e9diats sur les animaux sauvages parce qu’ils ne peuvent pas s’adapter rapidement\u00a0\u00bb, a soulign\u00e9 \u00e0 cette occasion le docteur William Karesh, directeur des programmes de sant\u00e9 de l’ONG.<\/p>\n

Peste et chol\u00e9ra<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude de cette ONG pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 l’occasion du congr\u00e8s de l’UICN<\/a> (Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature) sur la biodiversit\u00e9 dresse une liste de douze agents pathog\u00e8nes, comme la peste et le chol\u00e9ra, qu’une hausse des temp\u00e9ratures et des pr\u00e9cipitations contribuerait \u00e0 propager rapidement dans la faune sauvage.<\/p>\n

Parmi les maladies cit\u00e9es figurent \u00e9galement la tuberculose et la fi\u00e8vre jaune, le virus Ebola, \u00e0 l’origine d’\u00e9pid\u00e9mies meurtri\u00e8res chez l’homme et les primates en Afrique \u00e9quatoriale, les parasites externes et intestinaux, la maladie de Lyme, transmise par un tique parasite qui suce le sang des mammif\u00e8res ou encore les \u00ab\u00a0mar\u00e9es rouges\u00a0\u00bb fatales \u00e0 la vie marine, dues \u00e0 la prolif\u00e9ration d’une microalgue (Karenia brevis) produisant une neurotoxine.<\/p>\n

Le changement climatique pourrait \u00e9galement contribuer indirectement \u00e0 la propagation du virus H5N1 de la grippe aviaire en incitant les oiseaux migrateurs \u00e0 modifier leurs routes et \u00e0 se retrouver ainsi en contact avec des \u00e9levages de volailles domestiques.<\/p>\n

Cette douzaine de maladies mortelles de la faune sauvage est \u00ab\u00a0juste un \u00e9chantillon\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9tabli en fonction de leur impact potentiel sur la sant\u00e9 humaine, a soulign\u00e9 le docteur Karesh.<\/p>\n

Certains esp\u00e8ces sont victimes du changement climatique sans que l’on puisse encore en mesurer l’impact sur l’homme.<\/p>\n

Une redoutable mycose<\/p>\n

C’est le cas des amphibiens: un sur trois est menac\u00e9 de disparition, selon la liste rouge de l’UICN.
\n\u00ab\u00a0La cause principale de leur disparition, c’est l’ass\u00e9chement des zones humides\u00a0\u00bb, explique Jean Patrick Le Duc, du Mus\u00e9um National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN<\/a>).
\n\u00ab\u00a0Des s\u00e9ries d’esp\u00e8ces ont disparu en Am\u00e9rique centrale avec la modification du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal. Elles ont besoin d’humidit\u00e9 et d’ombre\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute-t-il.<\/p>\n

Au del\u00e0 du changement climatique, les amphibiens sont \u00e9galement victimes d’une redoutable mycose, la chytridiomycosis, provoqu\u00e9e par un champignon (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).<\/p>\n

Le diable de Tasmanie (Sarcophilus harrisii), un marsupial carnivore, lui, a vu sa population s’effondrer de 60% depuis dix ans, victime d’une myst\u00e9rieuse tumeur canc\u00e9reuse faciale.\t\t<\/p>\n

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